I know it. Refine any search. Within a month, Assad had turned his tanks and soldiers and bombers on the protestorson his own peopleand ever since then, all Mahmoud and Waleed and anyone else in Syria had known was war. Hana was wailing, but Mahmoud almost couldnt hear her over the sound of the gunfire. More than half their village was on the sand, clapping, waving, and cheering on the boats. They threw Josef and Ruth on the floor once more and flicked on the overhead light. She was already in the street when she stopped, ran to her backyard, and snatched up the little mewling kitten too. Mahmoud remembered his uncles wedding, before the war. They pluck Mahmoud and Fatima from the water. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. I have to go. Theyll come for us soon enough, he said. Change). As her mother liked to say, Isabel could play the storm clouds from the sky. That seemed like a good omen to him. The two older boys became Mahmouds and Khalids own personal bullies, delivering repeated beatdowns between classes and after school. Or else someone will catch her and eat her. She wanted to stay in Germany, Evelyne said. My brother, just a boy, becoming a man at last. Isabel wished she had something else to give it, but this food was already more than she could spare. I know weve been talking about leaving. A son on the way! Isabels father and grandfather yelled at each other about dictators and freedom and families and responsibility. You should stand up for your country! Good and bad things happened either way. Last updated by Jill W on 01 Sep 20:48 Answers: 1. No boat today. Sell it, Isabel told him. Where would they go? Hush, Ruthie. Through the huge hole that used to be the wall of his apartment, Mahmoud saw gray-white clouds from missile strikes blooming all around. But the good people couldn't help you, either." Alan Gratz Assad and the Syrian army? A skeleton in a threadbare suit three sizes too big for him. He felt the stirrings of indignation, of anger, of sympathy. They were men, mostly, many of them shirtless in the hundred-degree August heat, their white and brown and black backs glistening in the sun. It was just what the Brownshirt had told Josef. Many guns and artillery. Just a moments kindness from each of them might mean the difference between death and survival for her mother and everyone else on the little raft. Asked by Bishara. Being invisible was how he survived. He was at the final stages of his maturity Yes, but they are all players for the Lions, and shes a little lion! The Lions was the nickname of the Industriales. Josefs family eventually chooses to emigrate by traveling to Cuba aboard the notorious MS St. Louis. Isabel also deals with a fair share of trauma that expedites this maturity: two years prior, her grandmother Lita drowned during a cyclone in Havana, and on this boat trip Isabels best friend, Ivn, is killed in the water by sharks. Aleppo had been an amazing city to grow up in. Refugee weaves together the stories of three families as they seek sanctuary in other countries. Her lunch hadnt been much bigger than the catsjust a few beans and a small pile of white rice. Waleed was sitting right where he had been before the attack, on the floor in front of the TV. He treated them like real passengers. Youll fall out of the boat! Isabels mother told him. After what seemed like an eternity of looking over their papers, the border guard finally stapled temporary visas onto their passports and let them through. But when the building the Bishara's live in is hit and destroyed by a missile attack, the family knows it is time to leave Syria with its violent civil war behind and . Mahmoud took his younger brother by the hand, turned around, and found a different way home. Before Jews were scared to gather together in public places. Apparently, they were all coming along for the ride. Not yet. When Mahmoud and his family are placed with a host . On foot? Seor Castillo was trying to get the motor started. Back when people saw them. And work. Hed be calling for the police. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. A synagogue, on board the ship? Papa said. She ran home again. The policeman raised his truncheon to hit her father again, and Isabel jumped in between them. Until now. Oh, and I also need you to help me carry these back. Were almost to the water! I Isabel said, frozen in the bright light of the camera. They kept arguing, but the engine and the slap of the boat against the waves drowned their words out for Isabel. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. Josef jumped, and his mother took a frightened step back. Mahmouds dad waited for a pause in the gunfire, then scrambled back up the ridge for the car. For John Gratz You made it! Josef shuddered. He fanned his face. Boys took turns diving into the sea. There was blood in his hair, and the area around one of his eyes was already turning black. I found a bit of dead fish on the beach for the cat. Isabel recoiled at the smell, but the kitten came running back, eating greedily from Ivns hand. As it passed, Mahmoud saw a young couple sitting in the back. They were deserters, and deserters were shot. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover. But the Nazis had told them to get out of Germany twice now, and the Landau family wasnt going to wait around to see what the Nazis would do next. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. He had to get up. Mahmoud finally reached him, snatching him up and away from the cliffs edge that used to be their wall. Ivn was lighter skinned than Isabel, with curly dark hair. Germany was somewhere up north, in the heart of Europe. At first Josef thought the teacher was going to ask him to do a math problem on the board. Josef: Just outside Havana Harbor1939 Isabel: Somewhere between the Bahamas and Florida1994 Mahmoud: Lesbos, Greece, to Athens, Greece2015 Josef: Just outside Havana Harbor1939 Isabel: Somewhere between the Bahamas and Florida1994 Mahmoud: Macedonia to Serbia2015 Josef: Off the American Coast1939 Isabel: Off the Coast of Florida1994 Mahmoud: Serbia to Hungary2015 Josef: Somewhere on the Atlantic Ocean1939 Isabel: Off the Coast of Florida1994 Mahmoud: Hungary2015 Josef: Antwerp, Belgium1939 Isabel: Off the Coast of Florida1994 Mahmoud: Hungary2015 Josef: Vornay, France1940 Isabel: Miami Beach, Florida1994 Mahmoud: Hungary to Germany2015 Isabel: Miami, Florida1994 Mahmoud: Berlin, Germany2015 Maps Authors Note Acknowledgments About the Author Sneak Peek at Projekt 1065 Sneak Peek at Grenade Also by Alan Gratz Copyright On the train, Josef and his family sat in a compartment labeled J, for Jew, so no real Germans would sit there by accident. Mahmoud's . It is also worth noting that despite Mahmouds young age, he has needed to take on a protective role for his brother Waleed because of the danger of the civil war going on. An irregular rhythm that lay over the top of the regular beat, like a heartbeat beneath the skin. Mahmoud watched as these two boys attacked the boy with the bread, a boy he didnt even know. Mahmoud has lived his life trying to be invisible since the civil war started because in Syria that is how he can stay safe. When his father is released six months later, Josef, his mother Rachel, his sister Ruthie, and his father, now traumatized by his experiences at Dachau, all board the MS St. Louis, which is set to take them to Cuba. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. He too wore his black hair cropped short, but he looked more like their mother, with narrower shoulders, thinner eyebrows, a flatter nose, and bigger ears. It will be expensive, but we can pay. (including. Mahmoud again reinforces why it is so valuable to be invisible, as the alternativebeing noticedcan put a person in even more danger. Clothes, food, sports, movies, travel, school, opportunity. Josef stood and stared. She wont take up any room!, I dont remember much about him, but I do remember he always wanted to be a grown-up. No! Josef cried. One. Ill find you again. Mahmoud! He shook his head as he paced their little room in his oversized nightclothes. The police were shooting at them! He felt the stirrings of indignation, of anger, of sympathy. PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. Were leaving Aleppo. He sobbed with the effort of fighting off the mans fingers and hanging onto the dinghy. His shoulder ached and his chest still seared with every hard, desperate breath, but the only thing that mattered now was getting to his mother. The bed broke into pieces. Josefs breath caught in his throat and Ruthie cried out and buried her face in Josefs stomach as their papa pulled the two of them into a hug. Secondly, How long was Mahmouds journey? Thank you. In 2015, Mahmoud Bishara and his family run from their bombed-out home in Aleppo, Syria toward the Turkish border, hoping to cross more than half a dozen countries to a new life in Germany. For this crime against the German people, you will be taken into protective custody. Josef looked at his father, panicked. Get out of the car! he cried. Mahmoud Bishara, 12, lives in Aleppo, Syria, in 2015. And he wasnt the only one. Youssef Mahmouds mom warned. Refugee (Alan Gratz) What are Mahmoud Bishara's character traits? Germany? One of the men stopped at the drivers-side window and pointed his rifle at Mahmouds father. If he and his family didnt make it to Cuba, if they werent allowed in, where would they go? I cant reach your father, Mahmouds mother said, thumbing her phone. I love researching and learning new things. Just not to them. Angry and desperate, hundreds of refugees begin to riot and try to push through the fence. Flying highest above them all, as if to remind everyone who was in charge, was the red-and-white Nazi flag with the black swastika in the middle. One of the girls had found a long piece of string and was dangling it over the side, tickling the noses of passengers who were sleeping in chairs down on A-deck. He wore a suit and tie in front of a Syrian flag, doves of peace and yellow shining light surrounding him. He and his mother and sister would be put off the train, maybe even sent to a concentration camp. Tedros, the highest-ranking UN official, visited the country to check on earthquake victims. There wont be enough men there to form a minyan! Papa said. She was barefoot as usual and dressed in a tank top and shorts. One day, the bombings and war hit home, literally. (including. Tonight. Well, if it isnt Hurricane Isabel, Seor Castillo said. All she could think about was the ninety miles they still had to go, and the water pouring in from the gunshot hole in the side of the boat. Home. She put the little kitten back under her house and ran inside for her trumpet. What happened? Isabels mother asked. Isabel had to stop and think about that. There were no trees, no shade, no parks or football fields or rivers. Lets go, the boy said, and he marched Josef back through the dining car. Josef sacrifices himself in order to relieve his mother from the burden of this choice and to save his little sister Ruthie from the concentration camps. Isabel closed her eyes and focused. Students will see themselves in the young protagonists: children faced with tragic circumstances but who, at their heart, are just kids who love their families and want to live in peace. There werent the required ten men for the servicethere were a hundred men, probably more, all wearing yarmulkes on their heads and white-and-black tallisimprayer shawlsaround their shoulders. Tomorrow morning well have the sun to guide us. All that matters now is we get as far away from Cuba as we can, said Luiss girlfriend. The floor beneath their feet groaned and shifted. Klaus had been wearing the same uniform this boy did now. She grabbed her trumpet, gave it one long, sad look, and ran out the back door. Josef, Isabel, and Mahmoud will leave their homes. Then, they sneak into Serbia in a taxi, as they dont have official papers. Theres no food to feed the baby here anyway, Isabel said. Mahmoud didnt like the sound of that, eitherto him, smuggler meant illegal, and illegal meant dangerous. They ran out of food too fast. I cant stay here, Papi said. It was big and heavy to begin with, and they had packed it with the gas cans, plastic soda bottles filled with fresh water, condensed milk, cheese and bread, and medicine. In all the turmoil, a policeman caught up with her father and grabbed him by the arm. The MS St. Louis had left all that behind. And then, six months after hed been taken away, they got a telegram. This wasnt what the tourists had paid for. His breath came quick and deep, and his hands clenched into fists. I just want to keep my family safe, Dad said. Two more soldiers crammed themselves into the backseat, and the last one joined Mahmoud and Waleed in the back with their backpacks. But when the Soviet Union went away, so did all their support. He put his hands over his heart. A Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtle! He tumbled and slid back down into the ditch. Were against whoever is dropping the bombs too, the soldier at the window said. Mahmoud didnt have any friends. Together the shambling throng of refugees was ignored by the American drones and the rebel rocket launchers and the Syrian army tanks and the Russian jets. The Americans had a new policy everyone called Wet Foot, Dry Foot. If Cuban refugees were caught at sea with wet feet, they were sent to the US naval base at Guantanamo Bay, at the southern end of Cuba. Thats when Mahmoud and Khalid had learned how valuable it was to be invisible. Then, Mahmoud and, Mahmoud: Somewhere on the Mediterranean Sea 2015, 11 days from home (2), the bottom of the sea, and says a funeral prayer for him. The way the content is organized. Struggling with distance learning? Nothing else mattered in that moment but air. Chabela! her mother called. Check Pages 1-50 of refugee_-_alan_gratz in the flip PDF version. Gratz highlights parallels between Mahmouds, Isabels, and Josefs stories: all three are locked in oppressive and dangerous situations. Shia should know their place! Mahmoud's brother. The MS St. Louis. bomb, though, you needed walls. But I have this. She held out the trumpet. It was like they were invisible. Then it was time for Josef to recite the blessing hed been practicing for weeks. The soldiers in the Bisharas car begin shooting back and Mahmouds family runs away to avoid being caught in the cross fire and killed. See the top reviewed local solar panel installation companies in Witzhave, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany on Houzz. The MEA air barrier market is projected to reach US$ 1,576.20 million by 2028, up from US$ 1,258.12 million in 2022. Try as she might, she had never heard it, never felt it. But nobody was going to eat this cat. He is constantly making jokes read analysis of Youssef Bishara Hana Bishara Mahmoud 's infant sister. From that day forward, Mahmoud and Khalid were marked. Along with Josef and Isabel, she is one of the books three protagonists. But there is food in the States. Mahmoud decides that he no longer wants to be ignored and leads the refugees out of the prison, walking twelve hours to Austria. The wall of his apartment exploded, blasting broken bits of concrete and glass through the room. What she saw instead was a television camera. View all posts by thescholarlyteacher. PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. Put that on. Klaus had joined the Hitler Youth not because he wanted to, but because German boysand their familieswere shamed and mistreated if they didnt. People often stopped to listen to her and clap and tap their feet. Perhaps youre close enough that we should take you to a concentration camp too, like your father. No! Mama cried. The smuggler had just told them their boat wasnt leaving tonight. With the trumpet in one arm and the kitten in the other, she ran the few blocks to the beach, where she banged on the door of a fisherman her grandfather knew. Mahmoud stayed in the classroom all day, never going to the bathroom or the playground. The next car was the dining car. He only manages to survive by staying off everyone's radar. Youre bleeding was all he said. Hated him because of everything hed done to the Jews, but mostly because of what Hitler had done to his father. Where are Waleed and Hana? his father asked. Buskers played rumbas on guitars and drums. Tomorrow,' he'd told Mahmoud's father." Alan Gratz author Refugee book Youssef Bishara character despair refugees smugglers concepts 07 Aaron Landau is a well-known actor. The soldier had a hole in his head. 1st trip on a cruise like boat. Teachers and parents! This wasnt what the tourists had paid for. Josefs mother and sister left to go back to visit his father in their cabin. My husband is just eager to leave, she told the sailor. Luis didnt have to say anything. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. Mahmoud is 12 years old and lives with his father Youssef, mother Fatima, 10-year-old brother Waleed, and baby sister Hana in Aleppo, Syria. Its fine. Daesh thought they were fighting the final war of the apocalypse, and anyone who didnt agree with their twisted perversion of Islam were infidels who should have their heads cut off. Isabel knew that, because her own father had tried and had been thrown in jail for a year. Papi, stop it. The ships bulletin board announced that the first-class social hall would be converted to a synagogue, a Jewish house of prayer, which meant Josef might have his bar mitzvah after all. He took her in his arms and wrapped her in a protective hug. My father just got out of a concentration camp. What do you want? I need gasoline! Isabel told him. Josef remembered a time in class, back when he was allowed to go to school. In Hungary, the family is about to be deported back to Syria when Mahmoud leads a refugee march out of the detention center. Mahmoud and his family had fallen into step with them and disappeared among their ranks. Validate reading with our Dynamic Quiz System. Refugee is more than a story about children fleeing their homelands, it is a story about what unites us all: love, family, and perseverance. Christina Diaz Gonzalez, award-winning author of Moving Target A gripping, visceral, and hold-your-breath intense story of three young refugees. John Green, #1 New York Times bestselling author of Turtles All the Way Down An intelligent, human, harrowing read. Ellen Silva, NPR Meant to be read, discussed, and shared widely. School Library Journal A haunting fictional treatment of historic events. Booklist Unflinching and sympathetic. The New York Times A stunning, poignant novel. He wore sandals, shorts, a short-sleeved, button-down shirt, and a cap with a fancy letter I on itthe logo But Syrians knew protesting in the streets was dangerous. Hes just a boy. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance. Im just doing my job.. "Mahmoud's mother broke down in tears, and his father let the life jackets he carried drop to the ground. Isabel smiled. From there, they could choose to return to Cubaand Castroor languish in a refugee camp while the United States decided what to do with them.
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